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動態
本期仁醫醫療特別邀請到國際著名腎髒科專家Prof. Michael Fischereder做專題訪問。Prof. Fischereder現任慕尼黑大學醫學院教授、慕尼黑大學醫院移植中心腎髒科主任、德國內科醫生專業學會（BDI）巴伐利亞分會副主席。
因為童年興趣和中學的經曆堅定了Prof. Fischereder成為醫生的信念。他鼓勵年輕醫生多到不同醫療機構學習，找到自己的方法和研究興趣。作為德國腎移植專家，Prof. Fischereder分享了疫情之下，德國醫院腎內科遇到的挑戰與應對。
精彩回顧
戳視頻 搶先看
1、您是何時決定從醫的呢？又為什麼專攻腎內科呢？
Why did you decide to pursue a career in medicine and why, in particular, did you decide to specialize in nephrology?
我在童年時期就對科學、自zi然ran科ke學xue和he生sheng物wu學xue等deng非fei常chang感gan興xing趣qu。當dang我wo到dao了le該gai考kao慮lv職zhi業ye的de時shi候hou，我wo發fa現xian照zhao護hu病bing人ren非fei常chang有you意yi思si。於yu是shi我wo在zai中zhong學xue時shi期qi成cheng為wei了le一yi名ming救jiu護hu車che急ji救jiu誌zhi願yuan者zhe，這zhe段duan經jing驗yan也ye堅jian定ding了le我wo成cheng為wei一yi名ming醫yi生sheng的de信xin念nian。
關guan於yu專zhuan攻gong腎shen內nei科ke那na就jiu是shi另ling一yi回hui事shi了le。那na時shi我wo在zai慕mu尼ni黑hei大da學xue醫yi學xue院yuan上shang學xue，期qi間jian我wo去qu了le美mei國guo參can加jia選xuan修xiu培pei訓xun課ke程cheng，並bing有you機ji會hui在zai一yi家jia腎shen移yi植zhi中zhong心xin學xue習xi，不bu僅jin是shi學xue習xi外wai科ke手shou術shu，還hai有you腎shen內nei科ke的de培pei訓xun。那na是shi在zai1986年，我遇見了我生命中第一位對我大力支持的導師Karl Nath，當dang時shi他ta是shi腎shen內nei科ke的de主zhu治zhi醫yi生sheng。我wo在zai美mei國guo接jie受shou培pei訓xun期qi間jian他ta非fei常chang支zhi持chi我wo，也ye是shi他ta建jian議yi我wo成cheng為wei一yi名ming腎shen病bing科ke醫yi生sheng。他ta為wei我wo選xuan了le一yi條tiao非fei常chang適shi合he我wo的de道dao路lu。
Early on in childhood, I was very interested in science, natural science, biology. And when I was eventually thinking about career options, I found taking care of sick patients very interesting and wanted to learn more. And that actually is what brought me to volunteer time with a paramedic unit early on, still as a student at school, and eventually strengthened my understanding that I want to become a physician, a medical doctor.
With respect to nephrology, it was a different thing, because I went abroad to the United States for an elective training period, while still in medical school in Munich. At that time, I had the opportunity to visit a renal transplant service from either the surgical side and also the nephrology part. It was then, back in 1986, when I met my first very supportive mentor, Karl Nath, who was an attending nephrologist at that time on the consult service. He really supported me all along through my training and it was his interest to turn me into a nephrologist. And he was right. I think he made a very good suggestion for me.
2、您的早年經曆如何塑造你的成就？
How did your early youth experience shape your success?
我wo是shi我wo們men家jia第di一yi個ge醫yi生sheng，我wo們men家jia之zhi前qian也ye沒mei出chu過guo多duo少shao科ke學xue家jia。在zai我wo成cheng長chang的de過guo程cheng中zhong，陪pei伴ban我wo的de是shi住zhu在zai附fu近jin的de朋peng友you們men，大da家jia雖sui然ran興xing趣qu不bu同tong，但dan是shi都dou非fei常chang有you抱bao負fu。他ta們men中zhong有you些xie人ren對dui銀yin行xing業ye感gan興xing趣qu，有you些xie人ren對dui計ji算suan機ji科ke學xue感gan興xing趣qu，還hai有you些xie人ren在zai軍jun隊dui中zhong追zhui求qiu理li想xiang。由you於yu我wo一yi直zhi都dou對dui自zi然ran科ke學xue和he醫yi學xue感gan興xing趣qu，也ye因yin為wei在zai這zhe樣yang一yi個ge有you抱bao負fu且qie雄xiong心xin勃bo勃bo的de環huan境jing中zhong成cheng長chang，讓rang我wo從cong醫yi學xue生sheng一yi直zhi到dao我wo成cheng為wei醫yi生sheng都dou備bei受shou鼓gu舞wu。
I am the first physician in our family. And actually, there aren't too many advanced scientists in our family, either. So when I grew up, I was in an environment with many friends from the neighborhood, who all were very ambitious, but in with different interests. Some of them were interested in banking, others in computer science, and a few pursued careers in the military. And as I always had been interested in natural sciences and medicine, living in a competitive and ambitious environment was support for me also to pursue training in school and then advance to a career in medicine.
3、您職業生涯中是否有對您來說很重要的導師，他們教會您什麼，是如何啟發您的呢？
Who have been you greatest influences? What have they taught you and how have they inspired you?
對我影響最深刻的人是我的父母和我的兩位導師Karl Nath 和 Detlef Schlöndorff。我(wo)的(de)母(mu)親(qin)一(yi)直(zhi)教(jiao)導(dao)我(wo)，努(nu)力(li)是(shi)取(qu)得(de)成(cheng)就(jiu)的(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)，叮(ding)囑(zhu)我(wo)教(jiao)書(shu)育(yu)人(ren)對(dui)學(xue)術(shu)生(sheng)涯(ya)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性(xing)。我(wo)的(de)父(fu)親(qin)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)非(fei)常(chang)溫(wen)和(he)的(de)人(ren)，從(cong)他(ta)身(shen)上(shang)我(wo)意(yi)識(shi)到(dao)談(tan)判(pan)和(he)人(ren)際(ji)交(jiao)往(wang)技(ji)巧(qiao)是(shi)多(duo)麼(me)重(zhong)要(yao)。
我剛剛提到，在我醫學生涯和腎髒學的第一個導師是Karl Nath。他(ta)是(shi)第(di)一(yi)個(ge)認(ren)為(wei)我(wo)在(zai)腎(shen)髒(zang)病(bing)學(xue)領(ling)域(yu)有(you)天(tian)分(fen)的(de)人(ren)，並(bing)且(qie)支(zhi)持(chi)我(wo)在(zai)此(ci)領(ling)域(yu)發(fa)展(zhan)。在(zai)我(wo)留(liu)美(mei)接(jie)受(shou)內(nei)科(ke)住(zhu)院(yuan)醫(yi)師(shi)培(pei)訓(xun)的(de)三(san)年(nian)期(qi)間(jian)，他(ta)給(gei)予(yu)我(wo)非(fei)常(chang)大(da)的(de)幫(bang)助(zhu)。
然後是我的導師Detlef Schlöndorff ，他把我從美國帶回德國慕尼黑，並且助力我在德國的職業發展。我從Detlef Schlöndorff 身上學到最寶貴的品質：永遠以數據和事實為標準，即使麵對自己做出的研究或者是好朋友的研究，也要非常謹慎、富有批判精神，基於數據和事實進行求證。
My greatest influences have been my parents and my mentors Karl Nath and Detlef Schlöndorff. My mother, all along, taught me that it is crucial to work hard in order to achieve something. She always was the one who pointed out to me how important schooling in an academic career is. My father is a very gentle person who always showed me that negotiating and interpersonal skills are important, too.
My first, mentor in medicine and in nephrology, as I said early on, is Karl Nath. He really was the one who thought that I had a talent in nephrology and supported me that way. He helped me a great deal to also come to the United States and pursue a three-year clinical training there as an internal resident. From then on it was my mentor Detlef Schlöndorff who brought me back to Munich, Germany, and supported my career here in Germany.
The most important thing I learned from Detlef Schlöndorff is always to rely on data, rely on facts, and be very critical even if it comes to own research, even if it comes to research of close friends, to always, really look at the data and pursue research ideas based on facts.
4、從您自身經驗出發，對於一名醫生來說，到不同醫院或者不同國家訪問的重要性？
Based on your experience, how important is it for a medical doctor to visit different hospitals or different countries?
duiwogerenlaishuo，daobutongyiyuanfangwendayouyichu，wozengjingzaideguohemeiguoduojiayiyuanjieshouguopeixun。butongyiyuandebingrenzhengzhuangyexushixiangside，danshimeigeyishengdezhiliaoliniandoushibuyiyangde。yiliaoxitongdezuzhijiagouyegeyoubutong。duiyuwolaishuo，fangwenbutongyiyuannengrangwofansibuzu，bingqiejiqubutongyiliaoxitongdeyoudian。
我(wo)在(zai)德(de)國(guo)上(shang)醫(yi)學(xue)院(yuan)時(shi)，感(gan)覺(jiao)德(de)國(guo)的(de)醫(yi)學(xue)教(jiao)育(yu)偏(pian)重(zhong)理(li)論(lun)。到(dao)了(le)美(mei)國(guo)之(zhi)後(hou)，我(wo)意(yi)識(shi)到(dao)了(le)實(shi)戰(zhan)訓(xun)練(lian)的(de)優(you)勢(shi)。對(dui)我(wo)來(lai)說(shuo)，兩(liang)種(zhong)模(mo)式(shi)的(de)結(jie)合(he)才(cai)是(shi)最(zui)理(li)想(xiang)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)。
當我決定專攻腎髒病學時，我的第一份正式工作是在雷根斯堡大學醫院，跟隨著Bernhard Krämer教授，那裏是學習臨床醫學和臨床研究的絕佳選擇。當我回到慕尼黑大學醫院追隨我的導師 Detlef Schlöndorff時，我看到大型科研機構是如何進行基礎科學並與臨床和科研相結合的。
我十分鼓勵年輕醫生多到不同的醫療機構訪學，向不同的前輩學習，我相信每個醫生都會找到自己的方法，從不同的榜樣身上獲益。
For me, at least it was a great advantage to see different hospitals, and as you pointed out that I trained in a fair number of different hospitals, either here in Germany or the United States.
Although medical problems may be very similar, the personal attitude of treating physicians can be different and the overall organization of the medical system certainly are different. For me, this was a great way to really reflect on my training and gather different aspects of how medicine is practiced between the systems.
When I went to medical school in Germany, I felt that it was very driven by theory and learning from the books, then moving to the US I saw the advantage of very practical training. The two ways together formed, for me, the ideal approach. And likewise, when I then moved on to nephrology, my first staff position in Regensburg, with Prof. Bernhard Krämer, was a great site to learn clinical medicine and clinical research. And then moving back to my mentor Detlef Schlöndorff here in Munich was an advantage to see basic science performed in a large institution and try to combine those two.
And I can only encourage people to move between institutions and learn from different people. Every individual doctor will find his or her own way how to personally profit from different role models.
5、作為多個腎髒病學相關科學學會的活躍成員，您認為這些學會對學科和醫生有何重要意義？
As an active member of multiple societies of nephrology, how important do you think these societies are to the field of nephrology and to the physicians?
在(zai)我(wo)看(kan)來(lai)這(zhe)些(xie)學(xue)會(hui)為(wei)大(da)家(jia)提(ti)供(gong)了(le)非(fei)常(chang)多(duo)組(zu)織(zhi)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)教(jiao)育(yu)活(huo)動(dong)，這(zhe)也(ye)是(shi)我(wo)加(jia)入(ru)學(xue)會(hui)的(de)價(jia)值(zhi)所(suo)在(zai)。跟(gen)熱(re)門(men)學(xue)科(ke)如(ru)腫(zhong)瘤(liu)學(xue)相(xiang)比(bi)，腎(shen)髒(zang)病(bing)學(xue)是(shi)比(bi)較(jiao)小(xiao)眾(zhong)的(de)學(xue)科(ke)，同(tong)一(yi)時(shi)間(jian)沒(mei)有(you)太(tai)多(duo)的(de)科(ke)研(yan)項(xiang)目(mu)。但(dan)是(shi)我(wo)認(ren)為(wei)一(yi)個(ge)能(neng)夠(gou)幫(bang)助(zhu)腎(shen)內(nei)科(ke)醫(yi)生(sheng)關(guan)注(zhu)最(zui)新(xin)進(jin)展(zhan)的(de)學(xue)會(hui)是(shi)非(fei)常(chang)有(you)益(yi)處(chu)的(de)。與(yu)此(ci)同(tong)時(shi)，這(zhe)些(xie)學(xue)會(hui)為(wei)新(xin)手(shou)腎(shen)髒(zang)病(bing)學(xue)醫(yi)生(sheng)提(ti)供(gong)特(te)別(bie)的(de)培(pei)訓(xun)項(xiang)目(mu)引(yin)導(dao)他(ta)們(men)入(ru)門(men)，這(zhe)也(ye)是(shi)非(fei)常(chang)好(hao)的(de)。
In my understanding, these societies offer a very good opportunity to organize structured educational activities. This is really, for me, the most added value from being in these societies. Even in a small field like nephrology with not so many research projects being done at the same time compared to fields like oncology, still, I find it helpful to have a society that helps all physicians in the field to focus on the most recent advances in the field. At the same time, these societies offer early-on support for novices in the field in order to get them introduced by special mentoring programs, which I find very fortunate.
6、您認為科研對一個臨床醫生有何重要意義？
To a physician, how important is scientific research?
我認為科研是每個醫生行醫的基礎，即使是不太積極參與科研的醫生，了解如何進行科學研究、ruhezhenglikeyanchengguoduitamenlaishuoyiranzhiguanzhongyao。yinweizhiliaohuanzheyinggaishizhongyijianshidekexueshishiweijichu。dangran，chengweiyiminghaodeyishenghaixuyaolianghaoderenjigoutongjiqiao，danshikexueshishishibukehuoquede。
作zuo為wei一yi名ming臨lin床chuang研yan究jiu人ren員yuan，我wo發fa現xian把ba成cheng果guo轉zhuan化hua到dao病bing人ren照zhao護hu上shang的de臨lin床chuang研yan究jiu也ye是shi非fei常chang重zhong要yao的de。一yi名ming好hao的de醫yi生sheng必bi須xu要yao有you理li解jie科ke研yan成cheng果guo的de能neng力li，並bing不bu是shi說shuo每mei個ge醫yi生sheng都dou得de親qin自zi做zuo科ke研yan項xiang目mu，但dan是shi所suo有you的de治zhi療liao方fang案an都dou應ying建jian立li在zai科ke學xue數shu據ju和he科ke研yan成cheng果guo的de基ji礎chu上shang。
I think scientific research is the basis for every physician, even for those who are not actively involved in research. Still, it is crucial that they understand how research is done and how research is reported. Because treating patients should always be driven by solid basic scientific facts. Of course, it takes other skills in interpersonal communication. But the scientific basis is crucial.
And as I am a clinical researcher, I find, also, clinical research that can really be then translated into patient care important. In order to practice medicine, one has to be able to understand the results of research projects. Not necessarily every physician has to perform his or her own research. Every treatment should be driven by scientific data and based on solid research.
7、您如何平衡行政、臨床、科研、教學工作及個人生活？
How do you balance your personal life, administration, clinical practice, research activities and lecturing?
這是一個非常難的問題，因為有時（時間安排）會hui有you衝chong突tu。對dui於yu我wo來lai說shuo，作zuo為wei一yi名ming臨lin床chuang醫yi生sheng，我wo大da部bu分fen的de注zhu意yi力li都dou放fang在zai病bing人ren身shen上shang，我wo認ren為wei專zhuan注zhu於yu照zhao護hu病bing人ren是shi我wo的de義yi務wu。除chu此ci之zhi外wai，行xing政zheng工gong作zuo也ye是shi必bi要yao的de，否fou則ze我wo的de科ke室shi無wu法fa運yun轉zhuan。
keyanhejiaoxueshichoukongjinxingde，jiaoxuedeshijianyibanshigenjuxueshengkebiaoerding，erkeyandeshijiananpaigengyoudanxing。chuquzhexiehuodong，shengxiadeshijianjiushiliugeigerenshenghuode。youshiwoganjiaowoliugeigerenshenghuodeshijianshizaishitaishaole。danshimeibanfa，zheshiwodezhiyejuedingde。woxueyidediyitianqijiuyishidaozheyidianle。suoyijiaruyigerenbijiaozhuzhonggerenshenghuo，nawobujianyitaxuanzexueshuhuokeyandaolu。
This is a very difficult question because sometimes there are collisions. For me, as a physician involved with patient care, my patients often, if not to say, always have the first right to get my attention. I always feel obliged to really focus on treating my patients. Beyond that, certainly, administrative tasks are necessary in order to keep the department running.
Research is something along, like lecturing that can be done if you schedule your day, and then you can find the appropriate time slots. While lecturing is more or less given on the schedule for the students. Research projects, depending on the nature, have more flexibility. Well, now you see, adding up the last that's left is private life and sometimes I feel there's a little bit too little time for private life, but that comes along with the career. This is something I’ve known from day one. So if one rather has a focus on private life, pursuing an academic career and research might not be the way to recommend.
8、年輕醫生們如何知道醫院是否正在對他們進行良好的培訓？
How can a young doctor know if the hospital are giving them good training?
德國規定年輕醫生每年至少要與培訓負責人進行一次年度會談，這樣他們可以根據現狀適時調整培訓計劃。
對(dui)於(yu)我(wo)的(de)住(zhu)院(yuan)醫(yi)生(sheng)來(lai)說(shuo)，我(wo)認(ren)為(wei)在(zai)非(fei)正(zheng)式(shi)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)跟(gen)我(wo)討(tao)論(lun)培(pei)訓(xun)進(jin)度(du)更(geng)重(zhong)要(yao)，這(zhe)樣(yang)他(ta)們(men)可(ke)以(yi)及(ji)時(shi)告(gao)訴(su)我(wo)他(ta)們(men)在(zai)培(pei)訓(xun)中(zhong)最(zui)想(xiang)學(xue)到(dao)的(de)東(dong)西(xi)。同(tong)樣(yang)，我(wo)也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)實(shi)時(shi)把(ba)握(wo)他(ta)們(men)的(de)進(jin)度(du)，並(bing)給(gei)他(ta)們(men)合(he)適(shi)的(de)建(jian)議(yi)。
醫學生的培訓包括掌握各種技能、接jie觸chu不bu同tong病bing人ren，並bing在zai不bu同tong科ke室shi之zhi間jian輪lun轉zhuan。年nian輕qing醫yi生sheng應ying該gai盡jin早zao意yi識shi到dao，如ru果guo他ta們men有you機ji會hui去qu輪lun轉zhuan，他ta們men會hui看kan到dao其qi他ta醫yi療liao機ji構gou的de進jin修xiu醫yi生sheng和he楷kai模mo醫yi生sheng的de培pei訓xun是shi如ru何he進jin行xing的de。如ru果guo你ni沒mei有you去qu不bu同tong科ke室shi、不同領域輪轉的機會，你應該盡快跟你的科室主任反映。
In Germany, it is mandatory to have at least an annual talk with the person responsible for the training. So that young doctors can readjust their plans based on what they've been experiencing so far. For my residents, I think it is more important to get in touch with me on short notice to talk to me without a formal scenario as well, so they can tell me what they pursue as most important for their training. Likewise, I see how they are doing, and I recommend to them how to continue with their training.
Training in medicine involves certain skills and exposure to different patients and rotations through different departments. And I think young doctors should early on realize if they have the opportunity to rotate, they can see from other more advanced doctors and their role models how training is happening at a certain institution. And if no such rotation through different departments, through different areas of procedures happens, this is something that should be brought up in a discussion with the department head early on.
9、您和您的科室為年輕人才提供了哪些支持？是否有專門培養下一代的指導計劃？
What support for young talents do you and your klinik offer? Are there mentoring programs that specifically support the next generation?
慕尼黑大學醫學院有這類項目，我們會根據科研項目的先進程度，保障年輕人才的科研時間和資金。這個項目叫 FöFoLe，致zhi力li於yu支zhi持chi年nian輕qing的de研yan究jiu人ren員yuan。在zai我wo們men腎shen內nei科ke也ye有you類lei似si的de計ji劃hua，保bao障zhang年nian輕qing人ren才cai在zai輪lun轉zhuan過guo程cheng中zhong的de研yan究jiu時shi間jian，讓rang年nian輕qing醫yi生sheng有you更geng多duo可ke支zhi配pei的de時shi間jian。同tong時shi也ye鼓gu勵li他ta們men到dao其qi他ta機ji構gou進jin行xing研yan究jiu和he輪lun轉zhuan。但dan這zhe因yin人ren而er異yi而er且qie取qu決jue於yu經jing費fei，所suo需xu經jing費fei不bu能neng超chao出chu科ke室shi或huo大da學xue給gei的de範fan圍wei。年nian輕qing醫yi生sheng還hai可ke以yi通tong過guo德de國guo自zi然ran科ke學xue基ji金jin會hui（DFG）申請科研資金，我們提供其他方麵的支持。
For our department at the Ludwig Maximilian University, we do have mentoring programs that support a protected time for research, depending on the stage of how far advanced the research program is. That’s called FöFoLe, which supports early on research. The other support specifically we in nephrology give to young talents a more protected time through rotations in either not so demanding rotations, which gives the doctors a little bit free time. And also the support to go for research, and rotations elsewhere. But that is on an individual basis and depends on grants, which are then not out of the department or the university. But the German research foundation, the DFG always offers research grants that can be applied for, and then we support them.
10、對於想要從事腎內科的年輕醫生/醫學生，您有什麼建議？
What advice would you give to someone hoping to start a career in nephrology?
wohuijianyixianlejieqingchushenneikederichanglinchuanggongzuo，linchuangqingkuangbutonghuicunzaihenduochayi。shenneikedemenzhenfuwubaokuoyizhouliutiandeshentouxi。yiweizheyizhoudangzhongyouliutianxuyaoweibingrentigongfuwu，ruguonixiangbazhedangchengzhongshengzhiye，xuyaohaohaokaolvzheyidian。ruguoxuanzexueshuxingdaolu，wohuijianyinianqingyishengkaituozijideyanjiehexiangfa，muqianhaiyouhenduoxuanerweijuedewentidouhenzhidewomenyanjiu。
我(wo)認(ren)為(wei)每(mei)個(ge)對(dui)腎(shen)髒(zang)病(bing)學(xue)感(gan)興(xing)趣(qu)的(de)人(ren)都(dou)應(ying)該(gai)了(le)解(jie)一(yi)下(xia)這(zhe)些(xie)開(kai)放(fang)性(xing)問(wen)題(ti)，找(zhao)到(dao)自(zi)己(ji)最(zui)感(gan)興(xing)趣(qu)的(de)研(yan)究(jiu)興(xing)趣(qu)，然(ran)後(hou)尋(xun)找(zhao)一(yi)個(ge)專(zhuan)門(men)從(cong)事(shi)這(zhe)方(fang)麵(mian)研(yan)究(jiu)的(de)機(ji)構(gou)。
I would recommend really taking a close look at how nephrology is practiced. There is quite a diversity depending on clinical settings. Ambulatory or nephrology in just outpatient practice involves dialysis, which is a 6-day week. You always have to treat patients 6 days a week which really is an important fact to take into account for a lifelong career. If looking at scientific nephrology, I think one should look at the different aspects - there are so many open questions that still deserve research.
And I think every person interested in nephrology should look at these open questions and see which specific research interest is important to her or to him, and then find an institution where particularly that research can be pursued.
11、您在國際上知名度很高，至今您最自豪的職業成就是什麼，為什麼？
You enjoy great international reputation. What is your proudest career achievement to date and why?
大約15nianqian，woshenqinglemeiguomixiegendaxueyiliaozhongxinshenzangyizhizhongxinzhurenyizhi。zaizhongduojingpinzhezhong，woshoudaolepinshu，danwozuizhongmeiyoujieshou。buguowohenzihaonenggoubeimixiegendaxuezheyangdezhimingjigourenke，dedaoshenzangyizhizhongxinzhurenzhegejingzhengjiliedezhiwei。
Well, about 15 years back, I applied for a position at the University of Michigan Ann Arbor Medical Center as a transplant director. And actually among many competitors, I was offered the position which eventually I didn't take. But it made me very proud to be recognized by such a prestigious institution as the University of Michigan Ann Arbor for such a highly competitive position as a director in clinical renal transplantation.
12、在中國一些地區許多病人因為嚴格的疫情管控措施無法及時進行治療，比如腎透析、腎移植等。對於這種情況德國是如何解決的？
China is now facing another wave of pandemic. Many patients are not able to receive proper treatment like dialysis or renal transplantation in due time due to the strict COVID-regulations. How is this dilemma be addressed in Germany?
在第一輪疫情時，我們推遲了活體移植項目。因為當時我們誤以為隻要疫情結束，隨時都能進行活體移植。
但(dan)是(shi)現(xian)在(zai)我(wo)們(men)看(kan)到(dao)疫(yi)情(qing)還(hai)在(zai)持(chi)續(xu)，推(tui)遲(chi)任(ren)何(he)手(shou)術(shu)都(dou)不(bu)是(shi)如(ru)此(ci)簡(jian)單(dan)的(de)事(shi)，即(ji)使(shi)是(shi)活(huo)體(ti)捐(juan)贈(zeng)。所(suo)以(yi)現(xian)在(zai)我(wo)們(men)所(suo)有(you)移(yi)植(zhi)手(shou)術(shu)都(dou)照(zhao)常(chang)運(yun)行(xing)。至(zhi)於(yu)遺(yi)體(ti)捐(juan)獻(xian)項(xiang)目(mu)我(wo)們(men)從(cong)來(lai)沒(mei)有(you)推(tui)遲(chi)過(guo)，因(yin)為(wei)遺(yi)體(ti)器(qi)官(guan)捐(juan)獻(xian)對(dui)手(shou)術(shu)時(shi)間(jian)有(you)非(fei)常(chang)嚴(yan)格(ge)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。
congdiyilunyiqingwomenyishidao，jishishihuotijuanzengxiangmu，yanchiyeshibukexingde。suoyicongdierlunyiqingqiwomenbuzaiyanchiyizhishoushu。shuqianwomenhuiquerenjuanxianzheheshoujuanrendouyijiezhongxinguanyimiao，bingrangtamenqianshuzhiqingtongyishu，lejieshuzhongdeganranfengxian。duiyutouxihuanzhelaishuo，womenrenweijinzaojieshouyizhishoushuhoukeyianxinjujia，bimeizhoujinxingsancitouxigenghao，houzheyidingchengdushangyouganranxinguanhuoqitabingyuantidefengxian。
Early on in the first wave, we postponed our living donation transplant program. because we felt that this could be done any time after the COVID pandemic. Now we see that the pandemic is going on and it's not so easy to postpone surgery even projects such as living related donation.
So now we continue with transplant surgery. We have never stopped the deceased donor program, because you take the kidney or if you don't take it, you will have to bury it with the donors. We learned from the first wave that if you're trying to postpone procedures such as living related donation, it does not work well.
So ever since the second wave and from then on, we have been continuing with our transplant programs. We make sure our donors and recipients are vaccinated. We get informed consent that they all understand the small but real risk of contracting infection. Yet we feel that especially for dialysis patients, having a transplant and being able to stay at home is an advantage compared to having to come to a dialysis unit 3 times a week, which goes along with a certain risk of infection with COVID and other agents.
13、新冠肺炎疫情現在是醫療領域最大挑戰之一，您認為這對您所在領域有何影響？
The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the biggest challenges facing modern healthcare. What impact do you see this having on the field of nephrology?
新xin冠guan疫yi情qing讓rang我wo們men意yi識shi到dao我wo們men必bi須xu保bao護hu患huan者zhe免mian受shou感gan染ran，以yi及ji這zhe在zai腎shen內nei科ke有you多duo困kun難nan。一yi周zhou要yao進jin行xing三san次ci透tou析xi的de病bing人ren每mei周zhou都dou會hui在zai感gan染ran風feng險xian中zhong暴bao露lu三san次ci。如ru果guo透tou析xi室shi有you疫yi情qing爆bao發fa將jiang會hui是shi非fei常chang嚴yan重zhong的de問wen題ti。這zhe也ye是shi當dang前qian大da多duo數shu腎shen內nei科ke醫yi生sheng麵mian對dui的de主zhu要yao問wen題ti。
另一方麵，正如我們剛剛討論過的一樣，我們意識到即使有新冠疫情，我們的治療都必須要繼續，比如透析、移植及腎病診斷等。
與其他擇期手術（如泌尿外科、骨科、眼科等）不bu同tong，腎shen內nei科ke的de治zhi療liao無wu法fa延yan期qi，這zhe都dou是shi維wei係xi病bing人ren生sheng命ming的de必bi要yao條tiao件jian。這zhe一yi點dian對dui之zhi前qian沒mei有you意yi識shi到dao持chi續xu提ti供gong腎shen髒zang病bing治zhi療liao重zhong要yao性xing的de同tong事shi們men來lai說shuo尤you其qi明ming顯xian。所suo以yi我wo認ren為wei疫yi情qing也ye讓rang大da家jia意yi識shi到dao腎shen內nei科ke的de重zhong要yao性xing。
COVID-19, made us realize how much we have to protect our patients from infections and how difficult that can be in renal units. Patients that have to come to dialysis 3 times a week are potentially exposed 3 times a week. If you have an outbreak of COVID in a dialysis unit, this is certainly a concern. This is a major practical problem that many nephrologists are dealing with these days.
On the other hand, as discussed earlier, we realized that treatment such as dialysis and transplantation and diagnosis of renal disease has to be continued despite the COVID pandemic. Unlike other fields as elective surgery in the urology, orthopedics, ophthalmology, treatment in nephrology must not be postponed, which is early on life-sustaining. And this is something that became very obvious to many colleagues who have not realized how crucial a constant availability of nephrology treatment is. So I think it helped the field to gain visibility with respect to the importance of nephrology.
14、假如您不從醫的話，您會從事什麼行業？
What would you have been if you had not been a medical doctor?
因yin為wei我wo一yi直zhi以yi來lai都dou對dui科ke學xue和he生sheng物wu學xue非fei常chang感gan興xing趣qu，我wo可ke能neng會hui想xiang成cheng為wei一yi名ming生sheng物wu學xue家jia。隨sui著zhe生sheng物wu學xue的de發fa展zhan，我wo發fa現xian分fen子zi生sheng物wu學xue也ye非fei常chang有you意yi思si。我wo不bu確que定ding我wo會hui不bu會hui成cheng為wei一yi名ming分fen子zi生sheng物wu學xue家jia或huo從cong事shi其qi他ta領ling域yu，但dan是shi科ke學xue一yi定ding會hui是shi我wo職zhi業ye生sheng涯ya的de重zhong點dian。
Because I always found science very interesting and also found biology very interesting, I probably would have been a biologist. And now with the many advances in biology, I find molecular biology very interesting, but I'm not sure if I would have been a molecular biologist or in some other field, but science certainly would have been the focus of my professional life.
15、除了醫學外，您還有什麼興趣愛好？
What are your hobbies outside medicine?
根gen據ju不bu同tong季ji節jie我wo喜xi歡huan做zuo不bu同tong的de休xiu閑xian運yun動dong，平ping時shi我wo喜xi歡huan跟gen高gao中zhong時shi代dai的de朋peng友you們men一yi起qi打da壁bi球qiu。到dao了le相xiang應ying的de季ji節jie，滑hua雪xue也ye是shi非fei常chang美mei妙miao的de運yun動dong，尤you其qi是shi我wo所suo在zai的de慕mu尼ni黑hei就jiu在zai阿e爾er卑bei斯si山shan腳jiao下xia。如ru果guo我wo出chu國guo的de話hua，我wo也ye偶ou爾er玩wan一yi下xia水shui肺fei潛qian水shui。運yun動dong之zhi餘yu，我wo也ye喜xi歡huan欣xin賞shang表biao演yan藝yi術shu，我wo偶ou爾er會hui看kan歌ge劇ju或huo者zhe芭ba蕾lei舞wu表biao演yan，這zhe些xie都dou是shi我wo在zai疫yi情qing封feng城cheng期qi間jian錯cuo過guo的de事shi情qing。除chu此ci之zhi外wai，我wo也ye喜xi歡huan去qu畫hua廊lang看kan藝yi術shu品pin，雖sui然ran我wo不bu是shi藝yi術shu方fang麵mian的de專zhuan家jia。
There are a few recreational sports independent of the season. I like to play squash with friends back from high school. And then depending on the season, skiing is a wonderful sport, especially here in Munich with the Alps so close by. And I also enjoy scuba diving once in a while if I go abroad.
Outside sports, I love performing arts, and I go to the opera or watch a ballet once in a while. And this is certainly something I missed during the lockdown. Aside from that, I enjoy going to galleries and looking at artwork, although I would not call myself an expert on arts.
